1.) Product or line layout
2.) Process or functional layout
3.) Combined or Hybrid layout
4.) Fixed position or location layout
1.) Product or line layout
In this layout, the machines are arranged in a line depends upon the sequence required for the product. The material moves from one to the next machine without any backtracking. The output of one machine becomes the input of the next machine. It is used for the mass production of standardized products.
2.) Process or functional layout
In this type of layout, the machines of a similar type are arranged together in one place according to their function or process. This type of layout is used for batch production. For example - The college is divided into different departments. The teachers belonging to a specific department can be found in their respective departments. Student moves from one to another department as per their time table.
3.) Combined or Hybrid layout
A combination of process & product layout is known as the combined or hybrid layout. In many organizations, some parts are made with machines of a similar type are arranged together in one place according to their process, while in another, the machines are arranged in a line depends upon the sequence required for the product.
4.) Fixed position or location layout
In fixed position layout, Work or project is complex and large in size because it involves working on big projects like a power plant, a ship, rocket, or an aircraft, etc. All these products are fixed in one place, but men, equipment, machines, and material are moved from one place to another to finish the project.
Advantages of Facility or plant layout
1.) Improve Quality Control
2.) Effective Use of Available Area
3.) Minimum Equipment Investment
4.) Minimization of Production Delays
5.) Better Production Control
6.) Improved Employee Morale
1.) Improve Quality Control
Quality can be maintained only when the execution of the project is on time and there is proper supervision to control the defects in the production process. So, to ensure quality, inspection should be conducted at different stages of manufacture. An ideal layout provides an easy inspection for the process.
2.) Effective Use of Available Area
Every inch of area in the plant is valuable, especially in urban areas. Proper efforts should be made to use the available area by planning the layout properly. It does not mean to cover the area only. A good layout help to manage the area in such a manner that it provides proper utility to the organization.
3.) Minimum Equipment Investment
The organization can reduce or minimize its investment in equipment by the installation of general-purpose machines, by planning the location of installing the machine, minimum handling distances, etc. A good plant layout provides all these advantages.
4.) Minimization of Production Delays
An effective facility layout helps the organization to produce its order in time. Timely production of order not only win the heart of existing clients, but it helps to attract new client also. With the increase in orders, there will be more sales and products can be produced at low cost. There will be also proper utilization of the machine.
5.) Better Production Control
Production Control is concerned with the production of the product at the right time and at a reasonable cost without any defect. A good plant layout helps the organization for good production control and provides the production control officers to monitor the process in a systematic way.
6.) Improved Employee Morale
Employee morale is achieved when workers are cheerful and confident. Morale depends on :
a.) Better working condition
b.) Better employee facilities
c.) Reduced number of accidents
d.) Increased earnings.
A good plant layout has all these facilities.
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