Meaning of Work Measurement
Work measurement is a technique to determine the time required for doing a job. It is a collection of different methods, tools, and techniques that are used to analyze the time required to complete a work. It includes the study, development, and implementation of the standard time in which work has to execute.
The standard time is a time in which well-trained workers will produce one unit under normal working conditions. The time can be in minutes or hours. It helps in dividing the work into smaller units and tries to finish in a shorter possible time.
Objectives of Work Measurements
1.) Estimate the time required to finish a job in normal working conditions.
2.) Estimate the requirements of men, materials, and machines.
3.) Grouping and regrouping the worker as per the need and requirements.
4.) Establishing a time standard to finish the job and compare it with actual performance.
5.) Determine the effectiveness of men and machines.
6.) Help in determining the cost of labour.
7.) Provide a better inventory control system
8.) To make a cost estimate of new products
Techniques of Work measurement
A.) Time study
B.) Work sampling
C.) Predetermined motion time system
D.) Synthesis Method
E.) Analytical estimating
A.) Time study
Time study is also known as stopwatch study. This study is applicable to short-cycle repetitive jobs. It is a systematic process of observing and recording the time required to perform a specific task. So the company can determine the reasonable time required to complete a work.
B.) Work sampling
It is also known as a random observation method. When the working area is big and the number of workers is also large. It is not possible to conduct a study on each individual. It will be costly and time-consuming. For this, a random sample of the population ( worker ) is picked after random intervals to find the productivity or idle time of men and machines.
Example
Every 4 months company takes a sample of its workers and finds out that 70% of the time workers are productive and 30% of the time remain idle. We cannot claim it to be true, but the number of times companies make study, the level of confidence increases.
C.) Predetermined motion time system
PMTS is considered advanced as compared to time study and work measurements. Its objective is to determine the time required for doing the different jobs. The time is determined based on predetermined time values. These time values get stored in the databank that is established after a long period of research.
D.) Synthesis Method
It is a databank of tables and formulas taken from many institutes and researchers that is used as a standard for developing a standard time. There are many activities like drilling, packing, loading, and unloading that take place in an organization. The time values for all these activities are established in advance and used for future reference.
E.) Analytical estimating
In analytical estimating, a job or operation is divided into various parts known as elements. Time values of each element are taken from a synthetic databank. If the value is not available it is estimated from past knowledge or experience. The estimator must have adequate experience in estimating. It is applicable in long non-repetitive projects.
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